Every person with this diagnosis needs to know how blood pressure changes with hypertension. More and more people are suffering from this disease. The disease is becoming increasingly younger, so everyone needs to understand the principles of living with hypertension: both patients and their family members. What pressure is life-threatening, how do you behave in the event of an attack, do heredity and lifestyle influence the development of the disease? Answering these questions will help avoid many unnecessary problems.
Pressure indicators of hypertension
The main cause of hypertension is the narrowing of the lumen of the walls of blood vessels due to their spasms. This process occurs for several reasons: heredity, bad habits, stress, lack of exercise. The main way to diagnose high blood pressure is to measure your blood pressure. Since childhood, everyone has known the numbers "120 to 80". They have their own name and meaning. The first number is an indicator of the work of the heart muscle and is called systolic blood pressure (SBP). The second indicator evaluates blood pressurebetween heartbeats, the so-called diastolic blood pressure.
Symptoms of increased blood pressure include heart palpitations, nausea, throbbing pain in the back of the head, dizziness, increased sweating, pain in the heart area, insomnia.
Doctors have deduced a direct connection between blood pressure indicators and the degree of the patient's disease:
- Less than 120/80 are optimal numbers;
- 120-129/80-84 – Normal pressure. A diagnosis is made: prehypertension;
- 130-139/85-89 – high normal blood pressure. With high blood pressure;
- greater than or equal to 140/less than 90 – ISAH is diagnosed;
- 140-159/90-99 – Grade 1 hypertension;
- 160-179/100-109 – 2nd degree;
- 3rd degree - more than 180/110.
The initial stages of the disease are usually asymptomatic. The first signs of the disease appear easily, and the person simply does not notice them, gradually getting used to the symptoms. High blood pressure continues to progress, changing blood vessels and increasing the likelihood of a heart attack, stroke or kidney problems. If hypertension is a common diagnosis in the family, it is necessary to regularly monitor blood pressure parameters in order to stop the disease in the initial stages.
How is the diagnosis made?
| Research phases | What is being investigated? | note |
|---|---|---|
| Pressure measurement | Measurements of indicators every 15-30 minutes for several days. | - |
| anamnese | Detailed analysis of complaints and symptoms. | - |
| Physical examination | Measurement of temperature and blood pressure, palpation of the thyroid gland, examination of the skin. The condition of the superficial arteries is assessed. | Symptoms of a long-term illness: enlargement of the heart, appearance of characteristic sounds when listening with a phonendoscope, blurred vision, spots, swelling of the legs. |
| Instrumental methods | Blood and urine for general analysis | - |
| Blood biochemistry | Control sugar, uric acid, K, Na, cholesterol. | |
| ECG | Angina pectoris is detected. | |
| Fundus examination | Symptoms: narrowing of arteries, microbleeds, dilation of veins. | |
| Ultrasound of the heart | By appointment. | |
| Chest x-ray | The boundaries of the heart muscle become visible |
Which pressure is already dangerous?
Blood pressure indicators dangerous for humans are above 140/90. Depending on the numbers on the tonometer and the degree of changes, the patient's condition stabilizes in different ways. Stage 1, when functional changes occur, is characterized by insomnia, fatigue and headaches. The attacks are short-lived and unstable. After taking sedatives in combination with rest, blood pressure drops. In the 2nd stage, organic changes occur. To stop the attack, antihypertensive medications are prescribed. Crises are possible. Kidney function is impaired and vision decreases. The attacks are persistent and long-lasting. In the third phase, the indicators are never normal. Organic changes in internal organs and blood vessels can cause stroke, blindness, heart attack and heart failure.
What to do if you have high blood pressure?
How to stabilize blood pressure during an attack:
- Call an ambulance.
- Place a tablet under your tongue to speed up the absorption of the medicine.
- Breathe evenly and try not to get nervous.
- To dilate peripheral vessels, you can stick mustard plasters on your legs.
This reduces the strain on the main vessels and creates a feeling of relief. The attack should pass gradually over a period of 2 to 4 hours, as a sharp increase in "hypertension - low blood pressure" has negative consequences, especially if the patient is older. Increased blood pressure can trigger panic attacks. Hypertensive people often suffer from high blood pressure. Tablets help, to relieve an attack - you need to stop being nervous and follow the doctor's instructions. To do everything right, it is recommended to keep a piece of paper with the sequence of actions clearly visible during an attack. This will help avoid paniccope and lower blood pressure independently.
To prevent a crisis, you must follow your doctor's recommendations.
prevention
| General recommendations |
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